Le parc naturel, site classé UNESCO est la pure représentation du Paradis sur terre. A distinctive feature of the Plitvice lakes is the fact that they do not represent separated, stationary waters. From an aerial perspective, significant differences between the terrain of the Upper and the Lower Plitvice Lakes can be observed. During the 1980s, tourism was booming in Yugoslavia. It has been settled in turn by Illyrians, Japods, Celts, Romans, Avars, Slavs, Croats and Turks. The quantity of carbon dioxide decreases along the water route. In 1890, the tradesman Ante Devčić from Senj built the first hotel with a restaurant at Prošćansko jezero. [22] These effects are fostered by the millions of microscopically-small bacteria and algae that grow on such plants. These dams are continuously growing in height.[9]. And yet Rastoke, a village with cascading waterfalls flowing through it, barely registers as a blip on the tourism radar. The area of a river, in which the formation of tufa occurs, is called precipitation area. On s'explique. [15], The afforested mountain slopes serve as water reservoirs. In contrast, limestone rock is more compact and massive, but has a higher water permeability.[9]. During the summer months of July and August, the temperature rises to 17.4 °C (63 °F). Car toute la visite consiste à remonter les lacs, un par un, cascades après cascades, émerveillement après émerveillement. Parc de Plitvice : lacs et cascades à perte de vue Situé entre les villes de Zagreb et Zadar, avec une superficie de 296 kilomètres carrés, le Parc national des lacs de Plitvice est le plus grand de Croatie. The highest waterfalls are the Large Waterfall (kroat. Even rare olms (Proteus anguinus) can be found in the karst caves of this region. Si vous aimez notre blog, vous pouvez vous abonner à nos derniers articles de différentes manières. The dissolution of limestone happens through alteration processes and the effects of carbonic acid. Cascade à Plitvice - Croatie. Size. Other caves e.g. The Village of Rastoke The Lower lakes in the north predominantly consist of limestone rock. Bref, on a enfilé nos petites chaussures, pris nos appareils, direction le parc naturel de Plitvice situé à quelques kilomètres de là. Tufa sediments have been formed from the Pleistocene onwards in sinkholes or depressed areas between the surrounding mountains. [18] Since sedimentation only occurs under warm, humid climate conditions, these phenomena have only been occurring since the end of the last ice age. The Lower Lakes, however, are much larger and virtually drill their path through the rock. After traversing the Velebit mountain range travelers reach the Croatian karst plains of Lika. [18] [27], The area of the national park is home to an extremely wide variety of animal and bird species. This river is fed by permanent springs; the water quantity, however, varies. A chain of small shallow lakes separated by travertine barriers, and covered by low vegetation. Most lake names stem from true events.[9][46][47]. The water at the influx to the Plitvice Lakes is defined as pure from an analytical point of view. Branimir Prpić), The living world in the lakes and around them, Milorad Mrakovčić, Plitvice Lakes National Park, cultural heritage, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, "UNESCO World Heritage Committee report, December 1998", "International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Judgement against Milan Martić", "Broj posjetitelja u NP Plitvička jezera u razdoblju 2006.-2011. g.", https://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/plitvicka-jezera-pucaju-po-savovima-hocemo-li-postati-generacija-koja-je-uspjela-ubiti-biser-hrvatskog-krsa---485495.html, https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/croatia/safety-and-security, https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/plitvi-ka-jezera-plitvice-lakes, https://www.dw.com/en/croatia-pristine-nature-in-peril/av-43891996, "Video. First a crag is formed but later a cave roof forms under the crag. Jiuzhaigou is a nature reserve and national park located in the north of Sichuan, China. Ici on choisit son chemin parmi 3 ou 4 intinéraires et on avance le longs des lacs, parfois même au beau milieu des cascades. Within the national park, several pit-caves exist, such as the Čudinka pit-cave (-203 m) or Jama on Vršić (-154 m, length 110 m). eval(decodeURIComponent('%76%61%72%20%73%63%72%69%70%74%20%3d%20%64%6f%63%75%6d%65%6e%74%2e%67%65%74%45%6c%65%6d%65%6e%74%42%79%49%64%28%27%6d%61%69%6c%5f%74%6f%2d%77%6c%71%72%64%34%6b%27%29%3b%76%61%72%20%61%20%3d%20%64%6f%63%75%6d%65%6e%74%2e%63%72%65%61%74%65%45%6c%65%6d%65%6e%74%28%27%61%27%29%3b%61%2e%73%65%74%41%74%74%72%69%62%75%74%65%28%27%68%72%65%66%27%2c%20%27%6d%61%69%6c%74%6f%3a%6d%61%6e%75%65%6c%6c%65%40%6d%69%6c%65%73%61%6e%64%6c%6f%76%65%2e%63%6f%6d%27%29%3b%61%2e%61%70%70%65%6e%64%43%68%69%6c%64%28%64%6f%63%75%6d%65%6e%74%2e%63%72%65%61%74%65%54%65%78%74%4e%6f%64%65%28%27%6d%61%6e%75%65%6c%6c%65%40%6d%69%6c%65%73%61%6e%64%6c%6f%76%65%2e%63%6f%6d%27%29%29%3b%73%63%72%69%70%74%2e%70%61%72%65%6e%74%4e%6f%64%65%2e%69%6e%73%65%72%74%42%65%66%6f%72%65%28%61%2c%73%63%72%69%70%74%29%3b')) These rivers originate south of the municipality of Plitvički Ljeskovac and unite at one of the bridges in this village. (It is possible that by the effect of rainwater about 1 m3 of limestone is dissolved in about 10,000 years.)[21]. The water masses of the Plitvice Lakes continue as Korana river in northern direction. [10] By road from the coastal town of Senj the distance is about 110 km (68 mi). Avant même de voyager en Croatie, le parc national de Plitvice était sur ma liste des choses à voir absolument dans le monde. A ne pas manquer Le parc est immense, alors on s’est un peu fait violence en partant de notre petite location chez l’habitant de bon matin (de toute façon ils filaient pas le petit déjeuner…). If the water continues flowing, the cave becomes progressively bigger. In 1871, the famous Croatian politician Eugen Kvaternik was killed north of the lakes at Rakovica. This part of the town, called Rastoke, is often being referred to as "the Small Lakes of Plitvice. Comparable phenomena to those prevailing at the Plitvice Lakes exist at Rastoke (Slunj), at the Krka National Park, at the rivers Una and the Pliva in Bosnia and Herzegovina and at the Krushuna Falls in Bulgaria. Nedeljka Šegulja), Plitvice Lakes National Park, Čorkova uvala Virgin Forest (Prof. dr. sc. Publiés dans Géo Magazine, vus sur TV5 et l'Express Style, n'hésitez pas à découvrir notre histoire. The most significant plants of this kind are mosses of the species bryum and cratoneuron. In March 1991 it became the scene of the Plitvice Lakes incident (also called the "Plitvice Bloody Easter"), the first armed confrontation of the Croatian War of Independence that resulted in fatalities. Recently, even European chub (Squalius cephalus) and common rudd (Scardinius erythropthalmus), species whose emergence may be attributed to climate change, have been discovered. According to the legend, this is the reason why Prošćansko jezero and the other lakes have emerged. This was the highest governing organ of the anti-fascist movement in Croatia during World War II. On a donc commencé la visite par les lacs inférieurs (ce que l'on conseille de faire aussi car tu as le soleil le matin qui donne sa belle couleur bleue aux lacs) et d'emblée on en a pris plein le yeux. In geological terms, the actual phenomena molding the Plitvice Lakes are quite young. After the end of the Second World War, the unique natural phenomena of this area were acknowledged permanently. Je vous mets ci-dessous quelques photos supplémentaires, histoire de vous donner envie de vous y rendre. The name comes from agitated waterflow in small scars which make noise or "boil". It is thus not a static phenomenon occurring at only single places. The Ottomans advanced far into Western lands up to Croatia and Hungary. The area then formed part of Banovina of Croatia within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and then part of the Socialist Republic of Croatia within the Socialist Yugoslavia. 367 – 1279 meters. Des dizaines de lacs et plans d’eaux, d’un bleu turquoise presque lumineux se déversent les uns dans les autres par le biais de centaines de cascades. Two paths still bear the names of the daughters of the Emperor Franz Joseph: "Stephanie's Path" (Croatian Štefanijin put) and "Dorothea's Path" (Croatian: Dorotejin put).[31]. Le parcours est assez simple et bien balisé (même trop pour les amateurs d'aventure). During the 6th century, Avars settled in this region, which were accompanied by the Croats. For the precipitation of carbonate chalk (calcium carbonate) the water needs to reach a certain mineral saturation level. These climatic conditions prevail due to the Velebit mountain range, which acts as a climatic separator between the coastal region and the Lika high plateau. The areas of the neighborly tribes of the Pannonians, the Liburnians and Dalmatians were united into the province of Dalmatia. For example, smaller lakes were filled up with earth or people adapted the flow of the rivers to their individual needs. The moss becomes encrusted with travertine and fresh moss grows further out. Parcul național a fost înființat în 1949 și este situat în zona muntoasă carstică din Croația centrală, aproape de granița cu Bosnia și Herțegovina. Vous vous souvenez à quelle heure à peu près vous avez pris la photo panorama des lacs de Plitvice ? From this place onwards to the lakes, the water masses are referred to as Matica (English for water current, can also mean root or origin). Cascades & Autumn Colours – Plitvicka Jezera Extremely beautiful cascades which are a treat to watch with amazing colours and movements, the National Park is well known for its lakes arranged in cascades. ! Parcul Național Lacurile Plitvice (în croată Nacionalni park Plitvička jezera, denumit popular Plitvice, pronunțat plîtʋitse) este cel mai vechi parc național din Europa de Sud-Est și cel mai mare parc național din Croația. For example, he constructed canals across the travertine barriers for his saw mill that are visible even today. The national park became famous during the 1960s and 1970s through several Western film productions of Karl May novels. [25] Previously, swimming had been allowed in Lake Kozjak. This is shown by the following formulas: The quantity of calcium hydrogencarbonate (also called calcium bicarbonate) dissolved in water depends on the quantity of dissolved carbon dioxide in the water. [22], The precipitation of calcium carbonate, however, does not occur right at the springs of the rivers that flow into the Plitvice Lakes. During the war from 1991 until 1995, many buildings in the national park were destroyed or burnt down. Altogether they form the Plitvice Lakes municipality (Croatian općina Plitvička Jezera). Sixteen lakes can be seen from the surface. Je l’ai visité en octobre 2019 et si je vous en parle encore aujourd’hui, c’est parce que cet endroit m’a marqué. That is why the greatest depths of Kozjak lake are in its lower basin (north from the little island).[23]. Another unique and distinctive feature are the natural factors, particularly the influences of the vegetation in the process of sedimentation. During the period under the control of Serb forces loyal to Belgrade, Croats were ethnically cleansed from the region systematically. Depending on the conditions for the alteration processes, scientists identified limestone dissolution rates of 0.01 to 4 millimeters a year. In former times, the local population lacked the proper comprehension of the natural values of the Plitvice Lakes. By passing through the limestone underground the karst rivers dissolve chalk (calcite), which concentrates in the water. 08-2015 Plitvice Lakes National Park 10.JPG 3,888 × 2,592; 5.61 MB Up until the 20th century, social gatherings during the winter months, when no agricultural activities could be performed, called "prelo" represented a typical tradition of this region. Due to their high natural, cultural and tourist significance, they have become a motor for the local economy. The nearest train stations are Josipdol and Plaški, although no direct bus connection from these train stations to the lakes exists. The waterfalls of the Plitvice Lakes are an iconic spectacle that visitors to Croatia can’t wait to see. Le lac de Plitvice, où est-ce et comment y aller ? During the 1960s, a modern road connection to the Plitvice Lakes was constructed, which led to increasing traffic volumes. N'hésitez pas à partager cette page si vous l'avez aimé, un moyen comme un autre de nous remercier. The lake is named after a building (Croatian. Les lacs sont pleins de micro organismes qui vivent et ne doivent surtout pas être dégradés sous peine de détruire l'équilibre naturel (et la beauté des lieux). The Legend of the Black Queen, the legend on "prošnja" (praying the black Queen for water) says that the inhabitants of this region were craving for water and thus called upon the magic queen to help them, which she did. In 1538, king Ferdinand I ordered the establishment of the Croatian Military Frontier as a borderland of Habsburg Austria to the Ottoman Empire. The important north–south road that passes through the national park area connects the Croatian inland with the Adriatic coastal region. At the Lower Lakes higher concentrations are measured (5.15 mg/L). The overall difference in altitude within the national park area is 912 m (the highest elevation is Seliški vrh at 1279 m, the lowest elevation is reached at 367 m at the bridge across the Korana river).[16]. Dolomite rock is slightly harder than limestone. In 1979, Plitvice Lakes National Park was added to the UNESCO World Heritage register. Un lieu comme on en voit peu, qu’on a visité à deux reprises... Après avoir profité des petites plages et criques de Krk, l’île la plus au nord de la Croatie, on a repris la route vers l'est du pays, dans les terres cette fois-ci, afin de découvrir un peu à quoi ressemble la Croatie en dehors des clichés. The Plitvice Lakes are also home to many kinds of bats. Dalmatia and Lika fell under the rule of Napoleon, who founded the Illyrian provinces. [4][1] Entrance is subject to variable charges, up to 250 kuna or around €34 per adult per day in summer 2018.[5]. The seat is located in Korenica. Plitvice Lakes National Park can be reached from Karlovac exit in the north, from Otočac exit in the west or Gornja Ploča exit in the south.[11]. The lake area is surrounded by dense forests. High quality Plitvice gifts and merchandise. Et aujourd’hui, nous allons vous en présenter une autre : les cascades et les lacs de Plitvice, classés au patrimoine de l’Unesco depuis 1979 ! There are seven other national parks in Croatia, as well as ten nature parks. (Lake Kaluđerovac served as scenery for the Silver Lake. when the water warms up or by evaporation or by another loss of carbon dioxide, additionally fostered by water plants and moss. Many scenes have been shot at the lakes or waterfalls. Plitvice features a series of 16 lakes with colors ranging between azure, turquoise, and emerald. In its current state, UNESCO threatens to remove the park's status as a World Natural Heritage site. Other larger municipalities within the surrounding area are Ogulin, Rakovica, Otočac, Gospić and Bihać in Bosnia. The national Park is underlain by karstic rock, mainly dolomite and limestone with associated lakes and caves, this has given rise to the most distinctive feature of the lakes. [7], The name Plitvice was first mentioned in a written document in 1777 by Dominik Vukasović, the priest of Otočac. This configuration creates different geomorphological phenomena being referred to as dolina (sinkhole), polje, uvala, ponor, etc. The typical feature of this karst area is brittle or porous rock, mostly limestone or dolomite. Croatie – Les Lacs de Plitvice Les lacs Kaluderovac et Novakovica brod, reçoivent tout deux les eaux des lacs en amonts au travers de cascades de 40 à 80 mètres de hauteurs qui constituent, les plus grandes cascades de Croatie. The lakes altogether have always been seen as one composed system of lakes. Some 157 species have been counted, of which 70 have been recorded as breeding there. In addition to the native Croats already inhabiting the region and serving in the Austrian military, many central Europeans migrated to the region as did Serb Orthodox refugees fleeing Ottoman repression, who were given refuge in the abandoned areas in exchange for military service. Impossible de savoir pourquoi… bref, si jamais vous avez la réponse, histoire de combler notre petit coté naturaliste en herbe... :). Une journée à découvrir les lacs de Plitvice, Parc National. Snow falls from November until March. The laws that prevailed in this area under special jurisdiction had formative impact on the local population for centuries. Derrière ce blog de voyage se cachent Manue & Seb. At the ground of Lake Kozjak a constant yearly sedimentation of 0,8 millimeters during the past 3,000 years has been ascertained. Plitvice, Croatia. As the water flows in thin layers over thresholds, it is splashed up. Other reports say that a man named Novaković used to offer boat rides across this lake. At the same place, today called Labudovac, Gustav Janeček, a Czech from Zagreb, built a restaurant and accommodation. The young shoots of mosses are green and soft. The particularly sensitive travertine barriers are the result of an interplay between water, air and plants. At first sight, a lack of water in the karst region could be ascertained. Apart from the trout, common minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus) are also found. The fastest north-south road connection within Croatia, the A1 Zagreb–Split runs about 50 km (31 mi) west of the national park and thus circumvents the protected area. Mots clés: croatie (hrvatska) plitvice lacs cascades chutes d’eau parc national touristes unesco patrimoine mondial cours d’eau croatia lakes waterfalls national park tourists world heritage rivers D’ailleurs, c’est simple, pendant qu’on papotait, on est tombé d’accord Seb et moi pour se dire que s’il y avait, quelque part sur terre un endroit qui pourrait représenter de près ou de loin au paradis, à l'éden, c’est bien Plitvice et ses lacs bleus. During the following decades, preservation efforts reached a deadlock. Photosynthesis activities of algae and mosses in conjunction with the water, however, foster the crystallization of sediments due to the extraction of carbon dioxide. The national park administration currently endeavors to introduce new, progressive protection measures. [28], The wider area of the national park is one of the last areas in Europe in which a great number of wild brown bears and wolves can be found. [43], The Plitvice Lakes are today one of the most frequently visited tourist attractions in Croatia. The particular geographic position of the Plitvice Lakes and the specific climate features contributed to the emergence of many natural phenomena and a rich biodiversity within this area. [30], Among original species the brown trout (Salmo trutta fario and Salmo trutta lacustris) can be mentioned. Calcium carbonate is secreted in the form of microcrystals that are deposited, eventually creating tufa sediments (CaCO3). Since 1850, only professional soldiers served in the Military Frontier. Bienvenue sur notre blog de voyage, où vous trouverez nos récits, conseils et photographies de voyages, au gré des destinations vers lesquelles nous nous envolons régulièrement. A chain of sixteen impossibly blue lakes are formed through confluences of above ground and subterranean rivers. The beginning of the 1990s, however, marked another great turning point in the history of this national park. Excessive plant cover has adverse effects on mineral sedimentation. In 2000, the national park was expanded by a further 102 square kilometres (39 sq mi) in order to protect the underground tributary streams. Rare fauna such as the European brown bear, grey wolf, eagle, owl, Eurasian lynx, European wildcat, and capercaillie can be found there, along with many more common species. This place is called Sastavci (English confluence or composition). In the course of time, older barriers can be flooded by rising water levels since other barriers have outgrown the older ones. The society also built a hotel at the lakes. Il vaut mieux commencer de ce coté le matin pour avoir le soleil. During the Battle of Krbava Field almost the entire Croatian nobility was killed. The Plitvice Lakes National Park is a visiting card of Croatia, a unique natural formation and an unambiguous must see. Comme souvent, on s’essaie à prendre des chemins un peu alternatifs quand on va quelque part, donc plutôt que de marcher sur le bord de la route, on a fait une balade par un petit chemin le long des gorges qui mènent au parc. Furthermore, there are only a few lakes at the Lower Lakes. Each year, more than 1 million visitors are recorded. Due to constant changes it is not even possible to pursue individual analyses of single lakes. On the one hand, chalk tufa is being washed away partly. 2020 Srećko Božičević, "Logo Science Magazine, Author: Dr. Alexander Stahr", "Sedra Plitvičkih jezera, K. Kovač (zit. [9] In 1898, one of the waterfalls was named after Croatian opera singer Milka Ternina. Yearly, the barriers are growing up to 13 millimeters in height. The river Plitvica reaches the Plitvice lake chain at the northern end via the Large Waterfall. The previously mentioned mechanical and chemical dissolution processes are regularly occurring natural phenomena. This page was last edited on 22 December 2020, at 15:32. The general average annual temperature is 7.9 °C (46 °F). [4], Due to high tourism and illegal construction around lakes, with faecal waste flowing down to surrounding woods and lakes without any treatment, the water in the lakes is polluted and no longer drinkable. Le parc naturel, site classé UNESCO est la pure représentation du Paradis sur terre. The nearest airports are Zadar, Zagreb and Rijeka. Furthermore, 12 amphibian species, as well as some species of reptiles have been recorded, including the viviparous lizard (Lacerta vivipara), the european green lizard (Lacerta viridis), the dice snake (Natrix tessellata), Vipera berus, Vipera ammodytes and the european pond turtle (Emys orbicularis). However, this law did not contain adequate measures of protection and is thus not regarded as official founding declaration of the national park. The average relative air humidity is 81.8 percent. Scientists have so far identified 1,267 different types of plants belonging to the 109 species so far recorded in the area of the national park. Scientists, however, estimate that up until now only about 40 percent of the whole population of butterflies has been identified. A unique process occurring at the Plitvice Lakes, however, is the sedimentation of water-bound chalk at certain places. Some scientists refer to the river Plitvica as origin of the name. However, this is only the case on the surface. Local cuisine consists of drinks, such as Slivovitz (Croatian šljivovica), wine and coffee or dishes, such as soft cheese (Croatian vrhnje), polenta, pršut, paprika sausage, roasted suckling pig (Croatian: odojak) or lamb (Croatian: janjetina). The mosses foster not only the creation of tufa barriers, but also become part of the barrier. [26] A great number of these plants and species are protected by law. At the bay of Liman (also called Limun), a part of Prošćansko jezero, another little river flows into the lakes. Croat rule and particularly the rule of the noble families Zrinski and Frankopan led to economic recovery in the wider area. Usually, the lakes are frozen during December and January.[18]. [8] This name was designated due to natural phenomena that have created the lakes. In medieval times, frequent attacks by Mongols posed a permanent threat to the settled population. Acclaimed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the waterfalls of Plitvice Lakes National Park have been called some of the most beautiful on the entire planet. At a depth of 20 m, 5 °C (41 °F) have been measured. This phenomenon of underground karst rivers (Croatian rijeka ponornica) can also be observed at the Plitvice Lakes. Generally seen, the underground of the Plitvice Lakes could be categorized into two zones. 400 years ago, there were two lakes in the place of today's Kozjak lake. Quelle déception lorsqu’Isabelle m’annonce que nous partons en Croatie. Up to now, little has been known about these unexplored courses. The underground configuration of the Plitvice Lakes consists of various geologic features. Šafarek, G. Plitvička jezera - 16 srebrnih stepenica, Gušić, B. Voilà, le décor est posé et ce sera comme ça toute la journée : des eaux limpides, des lacs d’un bleu à tomber, des cascades en veux tu en voilà tout ça au milieu d'une foret dense et d'une palette de vert incroyable. In Rodića Cave at Sertić Poljana and in Mračna Cave at the Lower Lakes, cave bear bones were found, so these sites may be considered paleontologically significant. Plitvice Lakes National Park is situated in the Plitvice plateau which is surrounded by three mountains that are part of the Dinaric Alps: Plješevica mountain (Gornja Plješevica peak 1,640 m), Mala Kapela mountain (Seliški Vrh peak at 1,280 m), and Medveđak (884 m). D’ailleurs, cette conviction est encore plus forte quand tu imagines les premiers hommes qui habitaient les lieux (parce que bien sûr, on est pas les premiers, loin de là, à avoir repéré la beauté de l'endroit)... On a donc passé une journée à nous à en prendre plein les yeux, à regarder les petites libellules bleues par centaines virevolter autour de nous, les poissons nager près des bords dans ces eaux cristallines, et à rêver qu’on se verrait bien foutre tout le monde dehors, fermer les portes du parc et se garder ce lieu si beau rien que pour nous. [31] The lakes formed part of the medieval kingdom of Croatia which in 1102 elected to be in personal union with Hungary. This phenomenon particularly occurs on abundantly available mosses, enabling better adherence of the crystals. The foaming water creates ever growing and impressive waterfalls. J’hésite entre l’entrée 1 et 2 et la lumière a l’air effectivement meilleure le matin pour les lacs, © Miles and Love - 2012 - A nearby village bears the same name. There is a proposal to replace the wooden bridges and paths by floating pontoon bridges. If you're coming to Croatia and planning to spend any time away from the coast, definitely check out Plitvice NP.