The official website for BBC History Magazine and BBC History Revealed, Try 3 issues of BBC History Magazine or BBC History Revealed for only £5, The 19th-century religious scholar Cardinal John Newman (1801–90) will on 13 October 2019 be declared a saint by Pope Francis, in a ceremony in St Peter’s Square in Vatican City. He was suspect among the more rigorous Roman Catholic clergy because of the quasi-liberal spirit that he seemed to have brought with him; therefore, though in fact he was no liberal in any normal sense of the word, his early career as a Roman Catholic priest was marked by a series of frustrations. Cardinal Newman Biography. He was known nationally by the mid-1830s. A man holds a banner showing new St. John Henry Newman before the canonization Mass for five new saints celebrated by Pope Francis in St. Peter's Square at the Vatican Oct. 13, 2019. Career: Fellow of Oriel College; Vicar of St Mary’s University Church, Oxford; Leader of the Oxford Movement; Founder of the Birmingham Oratory; Founder of the Oratory School in Birmingham and the Catholic University in Dublin; Made cardinal by Pope Leo XIII in 1879; Beatified by Pope Benedict XVI in 2010. When news of Blessed John Henry Cardinal Newman’s canonisation was first announced earlier this year, some might have recalled what the liberal UK prime minister Lord Rosebery, Gladstone’s protégé, thought of the great convert. Ten years later, when Newman was laid out on the high altar of the Oratory Church in Birmingham, Rosebery wrote in his journal: “This was the end of the young Calvinist, the Oxford don, the austere vicar of St Mary’s. When Rosebery met the 79-year-old cardinal in 1880, he was impressed by his “deliciously soft voice” and “courtly” address. NEWMAN, LIGHT IN WINTER is he second volume of Meriol Trevor's definitive biography of John Henry Cardinal Newman, the great nineteenth-century churchman and profound religious thinker. Blessed John Henry Newman is seen in a portrait provided by the Catholic Church in England and Wales. Regius Professor of Modern History, University of Cambridge, 1968-83; Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History, 1958–68. “It is the paradox of history,” G K Chesterton once said, “that each generation is converted by the saint who contradicts it most… In a world that was too stolid, Christianity returned in the form of a vagabond; in a world that has grown too wild, Christianity returned in the form of a teacher of logic.” Referring here to St Francis of Assisi and St Thomas Aquinas, Chesterton could not have known that our own world would be blessed with an even more countercultural saint. Gladstone was not wide of the mark when he said that Newman’s “influence was sustained by his extraordinary purity of character and the holiness of his life”. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. John Henry Newman est l'aîné d'une fratrie de six enfants. There seems to be a problem, please try again. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The 19th-century religious scholar Cardinal John Newman (1801–90) will on 13 October 2019 be declared a saint by Pope Francis, in a ceremony in St Peter’s Square in Vatican City. He always said it was the only reason for living. From 1834 onward this middle way was beginning to be attacked on the ground that it undervalued the Reformation, and, when in 1838–39 Newman and Keble published Froude’s Remains, in which the Reformation was violently denounced, moderate men began to suspect their leader. “What would come . John Henry Newman (21 February 1801 – 11 August 1890) was a Roman Catholic theologian, philosopher and cardinal who converted to Roman Catholicism from Anglicanism in October 1845. Save up to 72% and get your first 3 issues for only £5! John Henry Newman left behind a body of work of exceptional acuity. In early life, he was a major figure in the Oxford Movement to bring the Church of England back to its roots. In 1842 Newman retired to his dependent chapel at Littlemore and spent the following 3 years in prayer and study. Omissions? . He attempted to found a Catholic hostel at Oxford but was thwarted by the opposition of Manning. He was known nationally by the mid-1830s. He seemed decisively to know what he stood for and where he was going, and in the quality of his personal devotion his followers found a man who practiced what he preached. Thanks! John Henry Newman (21 February 1801 – 11 August 1890) was an English theologian and poet, first an Anglican priest and later a Catholic priest and cardinal, who was an important and controversial figure in the religious history of England in the 19th century. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. You have successfully linked your account! Cardinal Henry Newman spent his life in search of Truth. La famille aurait des origines hollandaises, et le nom « Newman », auparavant écrit « Newmann », suggère des racines juives, sans que celles-ci soient prouvées . St. John Henry Newman, (born February 21, 1801, London, England—died August 11, 1890, Birmingham, Warwick; beatified September 19, 2010; canonized October 13, 2019; feast day October 9), influential churchman and man of letters of the 19th century, who led the Oxford movement in the Church of England and later became a cardinal deacon in the Roman … Vice-Neat played in 19 contests at Boise State in the 2017-18 season. The museum, which will include digitisations of 20,000 Newman manuscripts, is due to open after Pope Francis declares Newman a … Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. By 1845 he came to view the Roman Catholic Church as the true modern development from the original body. Manning, who was soon to be the new archbishop of Westminster. Newman will be the first English person born since the 17th century to be declared a saint by the Roman Catholic church. He was summoned to Ireland to be the first rector of the new Catholic university in Dublin, but the task was, under the circumstances, impossible, and the only useful result was his lectures on the Idea of a University (1852). Another thing that makes Newman extraordinary was his dedication to education, which he regarded as his true métier. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. He is currently at work on his fourth book on Newman, Newman and his Critics, which will be published by Bloomsbury. Thank you for subscribing to HistoryExtra, you now have unlimited access. When the Oxford movement began Newman was its effective organizer and intellectual leader, supplying the most acute thought produced by it. His family were members of the Church of England but without any strong religious commitment. 1908), and here’s an excerpt: ONSIDER , THEN , what it is to die; “there is no work, device, knowledge, or wisdom, in the grave.” Under the influence of the clergyman John Keble and Richard Hurrell Froude, Newman became a convinced High Churchman (one of those who emphasized the Anglican church’s continuation of the ancient Christian tradition, particularly as regards the episcopate, priesthood, and sacraments). He delayed long, because his intellectual integrity found an obstacle in the historical contrast between the early church and the modern Roman Catholic Church. Moreover, he had been endowed with the gift of writing sensitive and sometimes magical prose. Sa mère, Jemima Fourdrinier, est issue d'une famille de huguenots français, graveurs et fabricants de papier, depuis longtemps installés à Londres. Biography of John Henry Newman John Henry Newman, D.D., C.O., also referred to as Cardinal Newman and Blessed John Henry Newman, was an important figure in the religious history of England in the 19th century. Cardinal Newman was the eldest son of John Newman, and was born in London, Feb. 21, 1801. In 1852–53 he was convicted of libeling the apostate former Dominican priest Achilli. Newman was born in London in 1801, the eldest of six children. He was known nationally by the mid-1830s, and was canonised as a saint in the Catholic Church in 2019. these institutions, with miserable deformities on the side of morals, with a hollow profession of Christianity, and a heathen code of ethics,—I say, at least they can boast of a succession of heroes and statesmen, of literary men and philosophers, of men conspicuous for great natural virtues, for habits of business, for knowledge of life, for practical judgment, for cultivated tastes, for accomplishments, who have made England what it is,—able to subdue the earth, able to domineer over Catholics.”. Newman: A short biography Oct 7th, 2019 John Henry Newman, one of the most important and controversial figures in the religious history of England in the 19th century, will be declared a saint on 13th October 2019, the first English saint to be canonised since 1970. One of Newman’s articles (“On Consulting the Faithful in Matters of Doctrine”) was reported to Rome on suspicion of heresy. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-John-Henry-Newman, The Victorian Web - Biography of John Henry Newman, John Henry Newman - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, “Lectures on the Prophetical Office of the Church”, “Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine”. In his letters, one often encounters the saint in Newman, who, for all of his attainments, always made time to help others. Take advantage of our Presidents' Day bonus! I may have a high view of many things… but this is very different from being what I admire.” His friends would have begged to differ, though Newman’s demurral certainly exhibited one proof of the genuine saint: he never paraded his sanctity. Biography John Henry Newman, D.D., C.O., also referred to as Cardinal Newman and Blessed John Henry Newman, was an important figure in the religious history of England in the 19th century. He moved out of Oxford to his chapelry of Littlemore, where he gathered a few of his intimate disciples and established a quasi-monastery. Edward Short is the author of Newman and his Contemporaries (2011); Newman and his Family(2013); and Newman and History (2017). Here, Edward Short, the author of three highly acclaimed studies of Newman, explores his life and reveals why the cardinal fascinates our contemporaries as much as he did his own…. Please enter your number below. Corrections? Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. By entering your details, you are agreeing to HistoryExtra terms and conditions and privacy policy. Yet there were other factors that contributed to his greatness. From England to Rome At the age of 25, Newman said he had met God, not "as a notion, but as a person”. John Henry Newman: A Brief Biography John Henry Newman began his career as an Anglican churchman and scholar and ended it as a Roman Catholic cardinal. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Newman went to Rome to be ordained to the priesthood and after some uncertainties founded the Oratory at Birmingham in 1848. Newman was contending that the Church of England represented true catholicity and that the test of this catholicity (as against Rome upon the one side and what he termed “the popular Protestants” upon the other) lay in the teaching of the ancient and undivided church of the Fathers. Two years later he was received into the Roman Catholic Churc… Moreover, schooled in the prose of English writers Samuel Johnson and Edward Gibbon, Newman would become the best prose stylist of the 19th century, and this in an age that produced such redoubtable stylists as Thomas Babington Macaulay and John Ruskin. Vice-Neat was key in Cardinal Newman’s run to the Northern California Regional final in 2017. When it came to giving credit to his own Oxford education, Newman was memorably acerbic. Author Edward Short explains more… Newman can be a challenging read, and this book provides the introduction that many people need an open window on Newman’s theology and spirituality.” ~ Scott Hahn, theologian and author “Blessed John Henry Cardinal Newman has been a powerful … In any case, Newman’s book The Idea of a University is rightly recognised as the most astute book ever written on education. Gladstone, if anything, was even more laudatory about the man with whom he had crossed swords over the First Vatican Council (1869­–70), especially its adoption of papal infallibility: “When the history of Oxford during that time comes to be written, the historian will have to record the extraordinary, the unexampled career of [Newman]… He will have to tell, as I believe, that Dr. Newman exercised for a period of about ten years after 1833 an amount of influence, of absorbing influence, over the highest intellects — over nearly the whole intellect, but certainly over the highest intellect of this University, for which perhaps, there is no parallel in the academical history of Europe, unless you go back to the twelfth century or to the University of Paris.”. Bishop Richard Bagot of Oxford requested that the tracts be suspended, and in the distress of the consequent denunciations Newman increasingly withdrew into isolation, his confidence in himself shattered and his belief in the catholicity of the English church weakening. cardinal ( 1890) Né le 21 février 1801 à Londres, mort le 11 août 1890 à Birmingham, ordonné prêtre anglican, John Henry Newman s'est converti au catholicisme en 1845 - Le 9 octobre 1845, Newman est reçu dans l'Église catholique romaine par le frère Dominique Barberi, théologien italien et membre de la congrégation des Passionistes. The list of later writers influenced by Newman would be too long to tally, but they include Gerard Manley Hopkins; Oscar Wilde; Siegfried Sassoon; G K Chesterton; James Joyce; T S Eliot; Evelyn Waugh; Graham Greene; Ronald Knox; Muriel Spark; Christopher Dawson; Flannery O’Connor; G M Young; Penelope Fitzgerald and Alfred Gilbey – not an unimpressive lot. You can unsubscribe at any time. Le père, John, était banquier tandis que la mère, Jemina Foundrinier descendait d’émigrés huguenots venus de France après la révocation de l’Edit de Nantes. His role as editor of the Roman Catholic monthly, the Rambler, and in the efforts of Lord Acton to encourage critical scholarship among Catholics, rendered him further suspect and caused a breach with H.E. It draws extensively on material from Newman's letters and papers. His stress upon the dogmatic authority of the church was felt to be a much-needed reemphasis in a new liberal age. Eventually his studies in history persuaded him to become a Roman … The 6-3 forward put up 11 points and 10 rebounds per game in her senior year at Cardinal Newman. . After Newman’s death in 1890, Emily Bowles, one of his closest friends, actually referred to him as their “lost Saint.” Some 40 years before, Newman had written to another female correspondent: “I have nothing of a Saint about me as every one knows, and it is a severe (and salutary) mortification to be thought next door to one. Motto: Cor ad cor loquitor: “Heart speaks to heart”, Quote: “If we are intended for great ends, we are called to great hazards”, – John Henry Newman, The Nature of Faith in Relation to Reason (1839), Gravestone: Ex umbris et imaginibus in veritatem: “Out of shadows and phantasms into Truth”. Cardinal Newman was born in London on 21 February 1801. Meditating upon the idea of development, a word then much discussed in connection with biological evolution, he applied the law of historical development to Christian society and tried to show (to himself as much as to others) that the early and undivided church had developed rightly into the modern Roman Catholic Church and that the Protestant churches represented a break in this development, both in doctrine and in devotion. Newman’s editing of the Tracts for the Times and his contributing of 24 tracts among them were less significant for the influence of the movement than his books, especially the Lectures on the Prophetical Office of the Church (1837), the classic statement of the Tractarian doctrine of authority; the University Sermons (1843), similarly classical for the theory of religious belief; and above all his Parochial and Plain Sermons (1834–42), which in their published form took the principles of the movement, in their best expression, into the country at large.